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SSC CGL 2017 Pre exam in scheduled in the month of June/July 2017. At SA, We are providing to you the NOTES ON GENERAL SCIENCE, these notes will help you build your basic understanding of all topics and you'll be able to score maximum marks in SSC CGL Pre exam. Study, Revise and Learn all these notes by heart.  MODERN PERIODIC TABLE ☞ VALENCY Valency may be defined as “the combining capacity of the atom of an element with atoms of other elements in order to acquire the stable configuration (i.e. 8 electron in valence shell. In some special cases it is 2 electrons).” ☞ ATOMIC SIZE It refers to the distance between the centre of nucleus of an isolated atom to its outermost shell containing electrons. The  atomic radius decreases on moving from left to right along a period . This is due to an increase in nuclear charge which tends to pull the electrons closer to the  nucleus and reduces the size of the atom. In a  group atomic size increases from top to bottom  due to increas

ATHARVAVEDA (1000 BCE)  Treatise on health, longevity, and curative treatment. Hygiene, dietetics, and beneficial effects of milk have also been elaborately dealt with. BHELA SAMHITA  (800 BCE) A codification of medicine scattered in the Vedas.   Atreya  is known as the writer of Bhela Samhita AGNIVESA SAMHITA (700 BCE)  A codification of medicine by Agnivesa (a disciple of Atreya - founder of Ayurveda).   KASHYAP SAMHITA (600 BCE)  Deals with paediatrics. CHIVARAVASTU (500 BCE)  Mentions the court physician of Bimbisara (King of Magadha) as a marvelous physician and surgeon. Describes difficult surgical operations e.g. opening of the brain and eye surgery.  HIPPOCRATIC OATH (460 TO 370 BCE)  Hippocrates is considered to be the father of western medicine. The Oath is thought to have been written by the Greek physician Hippocrates. In some medical colleges around the world this oath is taken by graduating doctors.  HUANGDI NEICHING (450 BCE)  The first book on medicine in China. 

1.  Al-Ahram -  Egypt  2.  Izvestia -  Russia  3.  The Dawn -  Pakistan  4.  Daily News -  USA 5.  Daily Telegraph -  UK 6.  Aftonbladet -  Sweden  7.  The Daily Mirror -  UK 8.  The Times -  UK 9.  The Guardian -  UK 10.  New Statesman -  UK 11.  New York Times -  USA 12.  Pakistan Times -  Pakistan  13.  Pravda -  Russia  14.  People’s Daily -  China  15.  Merdeka -  Indonesia  16.  Le Monde -  France  17.  Wall Street Journal -  USA 18.  Clarin -  Argentina  19.  The Age -  Australia  20.  Gulf Daily News -  Bahrain  21.  Correio Braziliense -  Brazil  22.  Chronical-Herald -  Canada  23.  China Daily -  China  24.  Middle East times -  Egypt  25.  Courier International -  Germany  26.  The Jakarta Post -  Indonesia  27.  Tehran Times -  Iran  28.  Globes -  Israel  29.  La Repubblica -  Italy  30.  Asahi Shimbun -  Japan  31.  El Universal -  Mexico  32.  Gazeta Wyborcza -  Poland  33.  O’Independente -  Portugal  34.  Gulf Times -  Qatar  35 . Gaz

Badminton-  Deuce, Smash, Drop ; Let , Game , Love , Double Fault. Baseball-   Pitcher , Strike , Diamond , Bunting , Home , Put Out. Boat Race -  Cox. Billiards -  Jigger , Break , Scratch , Cannons , Pot , Cue , In Baulk , In Off. Boxing - Jab , Hook , Punch , Knock-out , Upper cut , Kidney Punch. Bridge -  Revoke , Ruff , Dummy , Little Slam , Grand Slam , Trump , Diamonds , Tricks Chess -  Gambit , Checkmate , Stalemate , Check. Cricket -  L.B.W , Maiden over , tumped , Ashes , Hattrick  ,Leg Bye , Follow on , Googly , Gulley , Silly Point , Duck , Run , Drive , No ball , Cover point , Leg Spinner , Wicket Keeper , Pitch , Crease , Bowling , Leg-Break , Hit-Wicket , Bouncer , Stone-Walling. Crocquet -  Mallett , Hoops. Football -  Dribble , Off-Side , Penalty , Throw-in , Hat-Tick , Foul , Touch , Down , Drop Kick , Stopper. Golf -  Hole , Bogey , Put , Stymie , Caddie , Tee , Links , Putting the green. Hockey -  Bully , Hat-Trick , Short corner , Stricks , Striking Circ

Every bank aspirant wants job in SBI, why? Most of the people will say that it is the country's largest lender bank and provide high invisible perks Yes, this is very true and to continue this praxis in banking sector here  SBI comes up with one more immensely facility to enable its employees to work from home. Yes, you heard it right now if you are SBI employee you can work from home  using mobile devices to address any urgent requirement they may have. The lender will be using mobile computing technologies and shall have continuous control over all the enabled devices centrally to manage and secure the data and applications on the mobile devices. This initiative will help to save a lot of time and some urgent work will not suffer. This step will lead to huge employee satisfaction and also somehow ones can manage work-life balance. This is a motivation factor for all those who are working in this renowned organisation and also for those who wants to. So, all aspirants here you a

Buddhism  Founder:  Gautam Siddhartha ( Buddha)(563 to 483 BCE) born in Nepal (Lumbini)  Founded in : 5th B Followed in : China, Tibet, Korea, Mongolia, Nepal, Bhutan, Thailand, Japan, Laos, Myanmar (Burma), Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Taiwan, Indonesia, Bhutan and Vietnam Sacred text:  The Tripitaka (collection of Buddha’s teachings) also called Sutras  Sacred places : Lumbini (Nepal), where  Buddha was born , Bodh Gaya (Bihar), where he  received Enlightenment  and Kusinagara (UP), where  he attained ‘Nirvana ’  Place of worship : Vihar ( temple ) and Monastery ( where Monks reside )  Sects : Mahayana and Hinayana  Confucianism Founder : Kung Fu Tzu or Confucius (551 to 479 BCE), born in the State of Lu in China  Founded in : 500 BCE Followed in : China, Taiwan, South Korea, Nauru, and Vietnam  Sacred text : The Lun Yu, The Analects  Sacred place : Peking (Beijing) in China  Place of worship:  No church of temple  Christianity Founder:  Jesus Christ (4 BCE to 29 CE,) born in

Important Trophies and Associated Games  Presidents Cup:  Football Prince of Wales Cup:  Golf (England) Raiffeisen Grand Prix Title:  Tennis RCA Championship Title:  Tennis Rogers Cup:  Tennis Ryder Cup:  Golf (England) Schneider Cup:  Seaplane Race (England) Swaythling Cup:  World Table Tennis (men) Thailand Open:  Tennis Thomas Cup:  World Badminton (men)    Tunku Abdul Rahman Cup:  Asian Badminton U Thant Cup:  Lawn Tennis Uber Cup:  World Badminton (women) UEFA Cup:  Football US Open: Tennis  (Grand Slam Tennis) Virginia Long Corn Trophy:  Boxing Virginia Slam Championship:  Tennis Walker Cup:  Golf (England) WBA Title:  Boxing WBC crown:  Boxing Westchester Cup:  Polo (England)   Whiteman Cup:  Tennis Wightman Cup:  Tennis (women: USA and England) William Cup:  Basketball William Todd Memorial Trophy:  Basketball Wimbledon Trophy:  Tennis Wimbledon, French Open: Tennis (Grand Slam Tennis) World Cup Championship:  Boxing World Heavyweight Championship: 

Important Trophies and Associated Games  America’s cup:  Yacht racing Ashes series:  Cricket (Australia-England) Asia Cup:   Cricket  (Asian countries)      ATP Championship:  Tennis Australia Open:  Tennis Azar Cup:  Polo Azlan Shah Cup:  Hockey   Benson and Hedges Trophy:  Cricket Canadian Open:  Tennis Champions Trophy:  Hockey Champions League T-20:  Cricket ICC Champions Trophy:  Cricket Cincinnati Masters:  Tennis   Colombo Cup:  Football (India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Burma now Myanmar) Corbillion Cup:  World Table Tennis (women) Davis Cup:  Tennis Derby:  Horse Racing Dubai Open:  Tennis Euro Cup or European Championship:  Football Evert Cup:  Tennis F.A. Cup:  Football Federation Cup:  Tennis FIFA Cup of World Cup:  Football French Open:  Tennis German Open:  Tennis Grand National:  Horse Racing (Chase Race, England) Hall of Fame Tennis Championship:  Tennis Heineken Open ATP Tour Event:  Tennis Hol Rar Trophy:  Bridge Hopman Cup:  Tennis Indian

VITAMIN A ( Retinol ) SOURCE Dairy products, cod liver oil,liver, dark green and yellow vegetables and fruits FUNCTION Maintains eye health Promotes growth and development, maintains healthy bones and teeth Enhances the protection and regeneration of cells and mucous membrane Maintains healthy respiratory and intestinal tracts Maintain healthy hair, nails and skin SYMPTOMS OF DEFICIENCY Night blindness, dry eyes Dry skin Stomach discomfort Poor growth Weak bones and teeth SYMPTOMS OF EXCESS Dry, scaly, peeling, and itchy skin, rash Hair loss Poor appetite, fatigue Vomiting, stomach discomfort Liver injury Headache, bone pain Nervousness, irritability VITAMIN B VITAMIN   B1 (Thymine) SOURCE sprouts, yeast Desease Beri-beri VITAMIN  B2 (Ryboflabin) SOURCE sprout, present in cow's milk(yellowish) Desease Cheilosis, ulceration VITAMIN  B6 (Pyridoxine) FUNCTION It is responsible for rememeber dreams. SYMPTOMS OF DEFICIENCY Anaemia  Nervousness, insomnia, depress

Dear Students, SSC CGL 2017 Pre exam in scheduled in the month of June/July 2017. At SA, We are providing to you the NOTES ON GENERAL SCIENCE, these notes will help you build your basic understanding of all topics and you'll be able to score maximum marks in SSC CGL Pre exam. Study, Revise and Learn all these notes by heart.  VITAMIN K (P hylloquinone ) SOURCE Green leafy vegetables, soya beans. The human body can also produce Vitamin K through germs in the colon(part of small intestine). FUNCTION Helps blood clotting, prevent over bleeding Maintains health of the liver SYMPTOMS OF DEFICIENCY Uncontrol bleeding from wounds due to clotting difficulty SYMPTOMS OF EXCESS Can lead to liver damage VITAMIN E ( Tocopherol )=Beauty Vitamin It is also known as Antisterility Vitamin. SOURCE Green leafy vegetables, whole-wheat cereals, nuts, sprouts, egg   yolk FUNCTION Maintains normal conditions of cells, and healthy skin and tissues Protects red blood cells Antioxidation Enhance immunity S

Dear Readers, Here We are providing a Study Notes of Quantitative Aptitude in accordance with the syllabus of SSC CGL. These notes are based on the Important formula of Circle. This will help you to solve more Questions of Geometry in very less time.   

PRADHAN MANTRI AWAS YOJANA (PMAY) Objective- PMAY & PMAY (Gramin) are launched to achieve Housing for All by 2022 Mission Important Points 1.  Construct two crore houses across the nation. 2.  Central grant of Rs. one lakhs per house, on an average, will be available under the slum rehabilitation programme. 3.  Program will be implemented into three phase April 2015 - March 2017, April 2017 - March 2019 and April 2019 - March 2022 NATIONAL PENSION SCHEME Objective  of this scheme is to provide retirement income to all the citizens Important points 1. ELIGIBILITY -All citizens of India between the age of 18 and 60 years can join this plan. 2.  NPS is administered by the PFRDA(Pension Fund Regulatory And Development Authority) 3.  NPS is divided into  tier-I NPS account, Tier-ii NPS account, NPS - Swavalamban scheme Tier I Account -  Under this account, withdrawals are not allowed. It is solely meant for savings after the subscriber’s retirement. Tier II Account -  Unde

Indian skipper  Virat Kohli , who led his side to victory against England in all three formats of the game recently, has featured in the latest cover star of the bible of cricket -  Wisden Cricketers' Almanack. Kohli becomes only the third Asian origin player after Tendulkar and England all-rounder Moeen Ali to be featured on the cover of the magazine . So, let's discuss some questions related to this post: Q1.  Name the Indian Cricketer, who has been featured in the latest cover star of the bible of cricket- Wisden Cricketer's Almanack? Ans1. Virat Kohli

The 2017 Union Budget,  presented by  Finance Minister Arun Jaitley  on 01st February 2017, was broadly focused on 10 issues farming sector, rural population, youth, poor and health care for the underprivileged, infrastructure, financial sector for stronger institutions, speedy accountability, public services, prudent fiscal management and tax administration for the honest. Following are the highlights of his speech on various issues: Demonetisation 1.   Demonetisation is expected to have a transient impact on the economy. 2. It will have a great impact on the economy and lives of people . 3. Demonetisation is a bold and decisive measure that will lead to higher GDP growth. 4.   The effects of demonetisation will not spillover to the next fiscal. Agriculture sector 1. Sowing farmers should feel secure against natural calamities. 2. A sum of Rs. 10 lakh crore is allocated as credit to farmers, with 60 days interest waiver. 3. NABARD fund will be increased to Rs. 40,000 crore. 

Indian Veterinary Research  Institute ( Izzatnagar – UP ) National  Aerospace  Laboratory ( Bengaluru ) National Biological Laboratory ( Palampur – HP ) National Chemical Laboratory ( Pune – Maharashtra ) National Dairy Research Institute  (Karnal ) National Environment Engineering Research Institute ( Nagpur – Maharashtra ) National Geophysical Research Institute ( Hyderabad – Andhra Pradesh ) National Institute of Oceanography ( Panaji – Goa ) National Metallurgical Laboratory ( Jamshedpur – Jharkhand ) National Physical Laboratory ( New Delhi ) National Botanical Research Institute ( Lucknow ) Industrial Toxicological Research Centre ( Lucknow – UP ) Indian Association for Cultivation of sciences ( Kolkata )\ King Institute of Preventive Medicine ( Chennai ) All India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health ( Kolkata ) All India Institute of Medical Sciences ( New Delhi ) All India Malaria Institute ( New Delhi ) Haffkine Institute ( Mumbai ) Institute of Ayurvedic

Name of the Organization (Location) Central Building Research Institute ( Roorkee – Uttarakhand ) Central Drug Research Institute ( Lucknow – UP ) Central Electrochemical Research Institute ( Karaikudi – Tamil Nadu ) Central Electronic Engineering Research Institute ( Pilani – Rajasthan ) Central Food Technological Research Institute ( Mysore – Karnataka ) Central Fuel Research Institute ( Jealgora(Dhanbad) – Jharkhand) Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute ( Jadavpur – West Bengal ) Central Indian Medicinal Plants Organization ( Lucknow – UP ) Central Inland Fisheries Research Station ( Barrackpore – West Bengal ) Central Institute of Fisheries Technology ( Willingdon Island, Kochi – Kerala ) Central Jute Technological Research Institute ( Kolkata – West Bengal ) Central Leather Research Institute ( Chennai ) Central Marine Fisheries Institute (   Kochi – South India ) Central Mining Research Station ( Dhanbad ) Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute (

As you all know that Budget was presented today by our Finance Minister, Arun Jaitley. It is very important for competitive examination and we have filtered all the  Important Abbreviations  from the document. So here we present the most important ones for you all. 1. IMF-  International Monetary Fund  2. FDI-  Foreign Direct Investment  3. CPI-  Consumer Price Index  4. GDP-  Gross Domestic Product  5. FCNR-  Foreign Currency (Non-Resident) Account 6. GST-  Goods and Service Tax 7. TEC India-  Transform, Energise and Clean India 8. PACS-  Primary Agriculture Credit Societies   9. KVKs-  Krishi Vigyan Kendras 10. NAM-  National Agricultural Market  11. APMC-  Agricultural Produce Marketing Committee  12. MGNREGA-  Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Gurantee Act 13. PMGSY-  Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana  14. PMEGP-  Prime Minister's Employment Generation Programme 15. NRDWP-  National Rural Drinking Water Programme 16. PMKK-  Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Kendras 

PUBLIC FINANCE A. Tax revenue  – It consists of the proceeds of taxes & other duties levied by the government. The various taxes that are imposed by a government can be categorised into two groups. 1.  Direct Taxes 2.  Indirect Taxes 1. Direct taxes  – Direct Taxes are those taxes which are paid by the same person on whom they have been imposed. Tax burden cannot be shifted on to others. Example - Income Tax, wealth tax. 2. Indirect taxes  – Those taxes whose burden (partial or whole) can be shifted. Example - Excise duty. Note - the Basis of classifying taxes into direct tax & Indirect tax is whether the burden of the tax is shiftable to others or not. B. Non-Tax revenue  – It includes receipts from sources other than taxes. The main sources of non-tax revenues are -Interest, Profits & dividends, Fees & fines, Special assessment, Gifts & grants, Escheats Capital receipts-  Capital receipts are defined as any receipt of the government which either create

PUBLIC FINANCE Meaning of Budget  – Government budget is an annual statement, showing the item-wise estimation of receipts & expenditure during a fiscal year. Elements of Budget  1.  It is a statement that shows estimated receipts & estimated expenditure during a fiscal year. 2.  It shows estimates of government receipts & expenditure during a fixed period generally in a year. 3.  Budget requires the approval by the parliament. Objectives of Government Budget  1.  Reallocation of resources 2 . Redistribution of income & wealth  3.  Economic stability 4.  Management of public Enterprises 5.  Promotion of economic development NOTE- In short, a budget is a powerful weapon in the hands of government through which it can affect the generation, distribution & spending of National Income. Structure of the Budget  – The components of budget can also be categorised according to receipts & expenditures. On this basis two broad components are as follows:- A

THE COMING OF THE EUROPEANS Europeans reached the Indian shores in search of wealth and power. In 1498, Portuguese traders became the first to discover the sea route to India when a Portuguese voyager arrived at Calicut (modern Kozhikode, Kerala) on the western coast of India. The Dutch followed them in 1595, the English in 1600, and at last, the French in 1664. All these Europeans came to India for free trade. The Europeans nations established various commercial companies, such as the East India Company in England founded in 1600 and Verenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie – the United East India Company in the Netherlands – founded in 1602. These companies were formed to capture the spice trade by breaking the monopoly of Portuguese in Asia. Rise of Autonomous States In the eighteenth century, when the Mughal Empire declined, various autonomous states were established such as in Bengal (under Murshid Quli Khan), Oudh or Awadh (under Sadat Khan Burhan-ul-Mulk), Hyderabad (under Nizam-ul

In 1600, the English East India Company was established through a  charter signed by Queen Elizabeth I  in 1600. The charter granted the company the permission to trade with India. In 1608,  Captain Hawkins visited the court of Jahangir  but he was denied any trading rights. However, in 1619, when Sir Thomas Roe visited the court, they were allowed to set up their first factory in Surat(authorised factory). Gradually, the company was successful in setting up its factories at other places also such as Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai.’ The agents of the English Company soon became familiar with Indian customs and languages. They learnt  Persian, the official language of the Mughals.  The English agents of this period lived like Indians, intermarried Indians, and most of them settled here permanently. All this gave the English an edge over their other European rivals. The English set up their factories in  Masulipatnam (1611) , Agra, Ahmedabad, Baroda, Broach (1619), Armagaon near  Pulicat

The Historical Background Indianisation of the superior civil services became one of the major demands of the political movement, compelling the British Indian government to consider the setting up of a Public Service Commission for recruitment of candidates to its services in the Union territory. The first Public Service Commission was set up on 1 October 1926. However, its limited advisory functions failed to satisfy the people’s aspirations and the continued stress on this aspect by the leaders of our freedom movement resulted in the setting up of the Federal Public Service Commission under the Government of India Act, 1935. Under this Act, for the first time, provision was also made for the formation of Public Service Commissions at the provincial level. The Constituent Assembly, after independence, saw the need for giving a secure and autonomous status to Public Service Commissions, both at the Federal and Provincial levels, for ensuring unbiased recruitment to civil services, a

Definition:  A rise in the general level of price in an economy. That is sustained over time. The opposite of Inflation in ‘deflation’.Inflation, in general, is just a price rise.When the general level of prices is falling over a period of time it is called deflation.The rate of inflation is measured on the basis of price indices which are of two kind WPI & CPIWPI - Wholesale Price IndexCPI - Consumer price Index Rate of inflation (Year x) In the index, the total weight is taken as 100 at particular year of the past i.e. Base year (Year of reference)Inflation is measured ‘point to point’. It means that the reference dates for the annual inflation are January to January of two consecutive years. This is similar for even weekly inflation. Types of Inflation: Broadly there are 2 types of inflation. (a) Demand - Pull Inflation: A mismatch between demand & supply pulls up the price.Either demand increases over the same level of supply or the supply decreases the same level of