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VITAMIN A ( Retinol ) SOURCE Dairy products, cod liver oil,liver, dark green and yellow vegetables and fruits FUNCTION Maintains eye health Promotes growth and development, maintains healthy bones and teeth Enhances the protection and regeneration of cells and mucous membrane Maintains healthy respiratory and intestinal tracts Maintain healthy hair, nails and skin SYMPTOMS OF DEFICIENCY Night blindness, dry eyes Dry skin Stomach discomfort Poor growth Weak bones and teeth SYMPTOMS OF EXCESS Dry, scaly, peeling, and itchy skin, rash Hair loss Poor appetite, fatigue Vomiting, stomach discomfort Liver injury Headache, bone pain Nervousness, irritability VITAMIN B VITAMIN   B1 (Thymine) SOURCE sprouts, yeast Desease Beri-beri VITAMIN  B2 (Ryboflabin) SOURCE sprout, present in cow's milk(yellowish) Desease Cheilosis, ulceration VITAMIN  B6 (Pyridoxine) FUNCTION It is responsible for rememeber dreams. SYMPTOMS OF DEFICIENCY Anaemia  Nervousness, insomnia, depress

Dear Students, SSC CGL 2017 Pre exam in scheduled in the month of June/July 2017. At SA, We are providing to you the NOTES ON GENERAL SCIENCE, these notes will help you build your basic understanding of all topics and you'll be able to score maximum marks in SSC CGL Pre exam. Study, Revise and Learn all these notes by heart.  VITAMIN K (P hylloquinone ) SOURCE Green leafy vegetables, soya beans. The human body can also produce Vitamin K through germs in the colon(part of small intestine). FUNCTION Helps blood clotting, prevent over bleeding Maintains health of the liver SYMPTOMS OF DEFICIENCY Uncontrol bleeding from wounds due to clotting difficulty SYMPTOMS OF EXCESS Can lead to liver damage VITAMIN E ( Tocopherol )=Beauty Vitamin It is also known as Antisterility Vitamin. SOURCE Green leafy vegetables, whole-wheat cereals, nuts, sprouts, egg   yolk FUNCTION Maintains normal conditions of cells, and healthy skin and tissues Protects red blood cells Antioxidation Enhance immunity S

Dear Readers, Here We are providing a Study Notes of Quantitative Aptitude in accordance with the syllabus of SSC CGL. These notes are based on the Important formula of Circle. This will help you to solve more Questions of Geometry in very less time.   

PRADHAN MANTRI AWAS YOJANA (PMAY) Objective- PMAY & PMAY (Gramin) are launched to achieve Housing for All by 2022 Mission Important Points 1.  Construct two crore houses across the nation. 2.  Central grant of Rs. one lakhs per house, on an average, will be available under the slum rehabilitation programme. 3.  Program will be implemented into three phase April 2015 - March 2017, April 2017 - March 2019 and April 2019 - March 2022 NATIONAL PENSION SCHEME Objective  of this scheme is to provide retirement income to all the citizens Important points 1. ELIGIBILITY -All citizens of India between the age of 18 and 60 years can join this plan. 2.  NPS is administered by the PFRDA(Pension Fund Regulatory And Development Authority) 3.  NPS is divided into  tier-I NPS account, Tier-ii NPS account, NPS - Swavalamban scheme Tier I Account -  Under this account, withdrawals are not allowed. It is solely meant for savings after the subscriber’s retirement. Tier II Account -  Unde

Indian skipper  Virat Kohli , who led his side to victory against England in all three formats of the game recently, has featured in the latest cover star of the bible of cricket -  Wisden Cricketers' Almanack. Kohli becomes only the third Asian origin player after Tendulkar and England all-rounder Moeen Ali to be featured on the cover of the magazine . So, let's discuss some questions related to this post: Q1.  Name the Indian Cricketer, who has been featured in the latest cover star of the bible of cricket- Wisden Cricketer's Almanack? Ans1. Virat Kohli

The 2017 Union Budget,  presented by  Finance Minister Arun Jaitley  on 01st February 2017, was broadly focused on 10 issues farming sector, rural population, youth, poor and health care for the underprivileged, infrastructure, financial sector for stronger institutions, speedy accountability, public services, prudent fiscal management and tax administration for the honest. Following are the highlights of his speech on various issues: Demonetisation 1.   Demonetisation is expected to have a transient impact on the economy. 2. It will have a great impact on the economy and lives of people . 3. Demonetisation is a bold and decisive measure that will lead to higher GDP growth. 4.   The effects of demonetisation will not spillover to the next fiscal. Agriculture sector 1. Sowing farmers should feel secure against natural calamities. 2. A sum of Rs. 10 lakh crore is allocated as credit to farmers, with 60 days interest waiver. 3. NABARD fund will be increased to Rs. 40,000 crore. 

Indian Veterinary Research  Institute ( Izzatnagar – UP ) National  Aerospace  Laboratory ( Bengaluru ) National Biological Laboratory ( Palampur – HP ) National Chemical Laboratory ( Pune – Maharashtra ) National Dairy Research Institute  (Karnal ) National Environment Engineering Research Institute ( Nagpur – Maharashtra ) National Geophysical Research Institute ( Hyderabad – Andhra Pradesh ) National Institute of Oceanography ( Panaji – Goa ) National Metallurgical Laboratory ( Jamshedpur – Jharkhand ) National Physical Laboratory ( New Delhi ) National Botanical Research Institute ( Lucknow ) Industrial Toxicological Research Centre ( Lucknow – UP ) Indian Association for Cultivation of sciences ( Kolkata )\ King Institute of Preventive Medicine ( Chennai ) All India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health ( Kolkata ) All India Institute of Medical Sciences ( New Delhi ) All India Malaria Institute ( New Delhi ) Haffkine Institute ( Mumbai ) Institute of Ayurvedic

Name of the Organization (Location) Central Building Research Institute ( Roorkee – Uttarakhand ) Central Drug Research Institute ( Lucknow – UP ) Central Electrochemical Research Institute ( Karaikudi – Tamil Nadu ) Central Electronic Engineering Research Institute ( Pilani – Rajasthan ) Central Food Technological Research Institute ( Mysore – Karnataka ) Central Fuel Research Institute ( Jealgora(Dhanbad) – Jharkhand) Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute ( Jadavpur – West Bengal ) Central Indian Medicinal Plants Organization ( Lucknow – UP ) Central Inland Fisheries Research Station ( Barrackpore – West Bengal ) Central Institute of Fisheries Technology ( Willingdon Island, Kochi – Kerala ) Central Jute Technological Research Institute ( Kolkata – West Bengal ) Central Leather Research Institute ( Chennai ) Central Marine Fisheries Institute (   Kochi – South India ) Central Mining Research Station ( Dhanbad ) Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute (

As you all know that Budget was presented today by our Finance Minister, Arun Jaitley. It is very important for competitive examination and we have filtered all the  Important Abbreviations  from the document. So here we present the most important ones for you all. 1. IMF-  International Monetary Fund  2. FDI-  Foreign Direct Investment  3. CPI-  Consumer Price Index  4. GDP-  Gross Domestic Product  5. FCNR-  Foreign Currency (Non-Resident) Account 6. GST-  Goods and Service Tax 7. TEC India-  Transform, Energise and Clean India 8. PACS-  Primary Agriculture Credit Societies   9. KVKs-  Krishi Vigyan Kendras 10. NAM-  National Agricultural Market  11. APMC-  Agricultural Produce Marketing Committee  12. MGNREGA-  Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Gurantee Act 13. PMGSY-  Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana  14. PMEGP-  Prime Minister's Employment Generation Programme 15. NRDWP-  National Rural Drinking Water Programme 16. PMKK-  Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Kendras 

PUBLIC FINANCE A. Tax revenue  – It consists of the proceeds of taxes & other duties levied by the government. The various taxes that are imposed by a government can be categorised into two groups. 1.  Direct Taxes 2.  Indirect Taxes 1. Direct taxes  – Direct Taxes are those taxes which are paid by the same person on whom they have been imposed. Tax burden cannot be shifted on to others. Example - Income Tax, wealth tax. 2. Indirect taxes  – Those taxes whose burden (partial or whole) can be shifted. Example - Excise duty. Note - the Basis of classifying taxes into direct tax & Indirect tax is whether the burden of the tax is shiftable to others or not. B. Non-Tax revenue  – It includes receipts from sources other than taxes. The main sources of non-tax revenues are -Interest, Profits & dividends, Fees & fines, Special assessment, Gifts & grants, Escheats Capital receipts-  Capital receipts are defined as any receipt of the government which either create

PUBLIC FINANCE Meaning of Budget  – Government budget is an annual statement, showing the item-wise estimation of receipts & expenditure during a fiscal year. Elements of Budget  1.  It is a statement that shows estimated receipts & estimated expenditure during a fiscal year. 2.  It shows estimates of government receipts & expenditure during a fixed period generally in a year. 3.  Budget requires the approval by the parliament. Objectives of Government Budget  1.  Reallocation of resources 2 . Redistribution of income & wealth  3.  Economic stability 4.  Management of public Enterprises 5.  Promotion of economic development NOTE- In short, a budget is a powerful weapon in the hands of government through which it can affect the generation, distribution & spending of National Income. Structure of the Budget  – The components of budget can also be categorised according to receipts & expenditures. On this basis two broad components are as follows:- A

THE COMING OF THE EUROPEANS Europeans reached the Indian shores in search of wealth and power. In 1498, Portuguese traders became the first to discover the sea route to India when a Portuguese voyager arrived at Calicut (modern Kozhikode, Kerala) on the western coast of India. The Dutch followed them in 1595, the English in 1600, and at last, the French in 1664. All these Europeans came to India for free trade. The Europeans nations established various commercial companies, such as the East India Company in England founded in 1600 and Verenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie – the United East India Company in the Netherlands – founded in 1602. These companies were formed to capture the spice trade by breaking the monopoly of Portuguese in Asia. Rise of Autonomous States In the eighteenth century, when the Mughal Empire declined, various autonomous states were established such as in Bengal (under Murshid Quli Khan), Oudh or Awadh (under Sadat Khan Burhan-ul-Mulk), Hyderabad (under Nizam-ul

In 1600, the English East India Company was established through a  charter signed by Queen Elizabeth I  in 1600. The charter granted the company the permission to trade with India. In 1608,  Captain Hawkins visited the court of Jahangir  but he was denied any trading rights. However, in 1619, when Sir Thomas Roe visited the court, they were allowed to set up their first factory in Surat(authorised factory). Gradually, the company was successful in setting up its factories at other places also such as Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai.’ The agents of the English Company soon became familiar with Indian customs and languages. They learnt  Persian, the official language of the Mughals.  The English agents of this period lived like Indians, intermarried Indians, and most of them settled here permanently. All this gave the English an edge over their other European rivals. The English set up their factories in  Masulipatnam (1611) , Agra, Ahmedabad, Baroda, Broach (1619), Armagaon near  Pulicat

The Historical Background Indianisation of the superior civil services became one of the major demands of the political movement, compelling the British Indian government to consider the setting up of a Public Service Commission for recruitment of candidates to its services in the Union territory. The first Public Service Commission was set up on 1 October 1926. However, its limited advisory functions failed to satisfy the people’s aspirations and the continued stress on this aspect by the leaders of our freedom movement resulted in the setting up of the Federal Public Service Commission under the Government of India Act, 1935. Under this Act, for the first time, provision was also made for the formation of Public Service Commissions at the provincial level. The Constituent Assembly, after independence, saw the need for giving a secure and autonomous status to Public Service Commissions, both at the Federal and Provincial levels, for ensuring unbiased recruitment to civil services, a

Definition:  A rise in the general level of price in an economy. That is sustained over time. The opposite of Inflation in ‘deflation’.Inflation, in general, is just a price rise.When the general level of prices is falling over a period of time it is called deflation.The rate of inflation is measured on the basis of price indices which are of two kind WPI & CPIWPI - Wholesale Price IndexCPI - Consumer price Index Rate of inflation (Year x) In the index, the total weight is taken as 100 at particular year of the past i.e. Base year (Year of reference)Inflation is measured ‘point to point’. It means that the reference dates for the annual inflation are January to January of two consecutive years. This is similar for even weekly inflation. Types of Inflation: Broadly there are 2 types of inflation. (a) Demand - Pull Inflation: A mismatch between demand & supply pulls up the price.Either demand increases over the same level of supply or the supply decreases the same level of

The words ‘Statistics’ appears to have been derived from the latin word ‘status’ meaning a (political) state. In its origin, Statistic was simply the collect of data on different aspects of the life of the people. Statistics deals with data collected for specific purposes. We can make decisions about the data by analysing and interpreting it. Central line tendency Mean : The mean or average of a number of observation is the sum of the value of all the observation divided by the total number of the observations. It is denoted by the symbol ,  read as x bar Here n is a number of observation. Example-  people were asked about the time in a week they spend in doing social work in their community. They said 10, 7, 13, 20 and 15 hours respectively.Find the mean (or average) time in a week devoted by them in social work. Sol.  The mean =(Sum of all the observations)/(Total number of observations) =(10 + 7 + 13 + 20 + 15)/5=65/5=13  So, the time spent by these 5 people in doing socia

Green Revolution – I Introduced in 1966 (Plan Holiday) Father of Green Revolt – Dr. Norman Borlog Father of Green Revolt – M. S. Swaminathan (In India) Objectives: - Use of high yielding variety seeds, fertiliser, power and increase food productivity. Green Revolt – Phase – I – Wheat  Phase – II – Rice Focus Area: - Punjab, Haryana, Western U.P.   Green Revolution– II    concept by – Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam “Evergreen Revolution or Rainbow revolution” Start in decade of 2000 Objective: - Promote agriculture a/c to climate condition and also promote organic farming and increase overall food security. Focus crop: - Milk, egg, Meat, Vegetable → A/C to climatic condition Focus Area: - All India Organic farming:  - No use/less use of fertiliser - use bio fertiliser, like – Earthworm - the concept is given by – Albert Howard (1930 – 40) Zero farming:  - up to 3-4 years. – Continuous use of organic fertiliser/ organic farming and due to this fertility of soil increase and Af

Dear Students, SSC is going to conduct CHSL 2016 from 7th January 2017 to 5th February 2017. SSC has already issued the venue details of candidates. Soon, SSC will issue Admit cards also. Keep checking your respective regional websites for Admit Cards.  SSC has also issued a Sample Online Exam for candidate's convenience and training for the online exam. You can check it on SSC official website. It's important to be familiar with the latest change in the pattern  of The SSC Computer Based Exam.  SSC has taken a very good initiative by uploading a Sample Online Exam. Below, You'll find the link and a screenshot of the Sample form. All the candidates are advised to go through this Sample Online Exam and be exam ready.  We wish you all the very best for your SSC CHSL Exam.        CLICK HERE FOR THE LINK 

1. Archimedes—Invention of the famous Archimedean law, discovery of the principles of lever and specific gravity. 2. Avogadro—An Italian scientists known for Avogadro’s hypothesis. 3. Bacquarrel—Radio-activity of uranium. 4. Baird J.L.—Television. 5. Benjamin Franklin—Lightning conductor. 6. Bhabha H.J.—Research in cosmic rays and quantum theory. 7. Binet—Intelligence tests. 8. Bose, J.C.—Crescograph. 9. Bose, S.N.—Discovery of nuclear particles ‘Boson’. 10. Bohr—Electron Theory, Atomic structure. 11. Bunsen—Spectroscope. 12. Bushwell—Submarine. 13. Carothers—Nylon Plastics. 14. Cavendish—Discovery of hydrogen, rare gases, chemical composition of water. 15. Charles Darwin—Theory of Evolution; Origin of Species. 16. Curie, Madame—Radium. 17. Dalton—Law of partial pressures; Atomic theory; laws of chemical combination; the law of multiple proportions. 18. Democritus—(Greek Philosopher)—Atomic theory. 19. Dewar—Thermos flask. 20. Einstein—Theory of relativity. 21. Eucl

1 PAN* -permanant account number *2. PDF*-portable document format *3. HDFC -*-housing development finance corporation *4. SIM -*-Subscriber Identity Module *5. ATM -* -Automated Teller machine *6. IFSC -*-Indian Financial System Code *7. FSSAI(fssai) -*-'फुल सेफ्टी अँड स्टँडर्ड्स अथॉरिटी ऑफ इंडिया' *8-Wi-Fi-*-wireless fidelity 1.) *GOOGLE* - Global Organization Of Oriented Group Language Of Earth. 2.) *YAHOO* - Yet Another Hierarchical Officious Oracle. 3.) *WINDOW* - Wide Interactive Network Development for Office work Solution. 4.) *COMPUTER* - Common Oriented Machine Particularly United and used under Technical and Educational Research. 5.) *VIRUS* - Vital Information Resources Under Siege. 6.) *UMTS* - Universal Mobile Telecommunicati ons System. 7.) *AMOLED* - Active-matrix organic light-emitting diode. 8.) *OLED* - Organic light-emitting diode. 9.) *IMEI* - International Mobile Equipment Identity. 10.) *ESN* - Electronic Serial Number. 11.) *UPS* - Unin

The  chief minister of Tamil Nadu , leader to many Tamils and 'Amma' to millions, J Jayalalithaa died on Monday, 5 Dec, 2016 after undergoing treatment at Apollo Hospitals in Chennai for 73 days. She was 68. Jayalalithaa+ , who was admitted to hospital on September 22 with complaints of fever and dehydration, suffered a cardiac arrest on Sunday evening. On Monday, Jayalalithaa continued to be very critical and was on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and life support systems. And the end came at 11.30pm.   Born on February 24, 1948, Jayalalithaa entered films when she was 16 years old. Making her debut as lead actress in a Kannada film, she was launched into Tamil films starring as the heroine in MGR's "Ayirathil Oruvan." Jayalalithaa and MGR acted together in 28 films, many of them super hits. She acted in more than 140 films in Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam, Hindi and English. Her formal entry into politics happened in 1982 when she was induc

Yesterday can be termed as a Black Day in the history as it claimed many lives.  There are times when language fails, whether you’re in Asia, the America, Europe or elsewhere. These moments often involve extreme emotions: sadness and joy, fear and love. And this one is really sad as yesterday was the black day for all football fans and also for the people who wish for world peace as two heart-chilling incidents took place.  First, there was another attack in Nagrota, J&k in which three militants  in police uniform attacked an army artillery unit in which 2 officers and 5 Jawan were killed, however, all three militants were killed in the encounter. We salute the courage and bravery of the defence personnel martyred yesterday in J&K. They served the nation with utmost dedication. We are all saddened by their demise, may their souls rest in peace. They were the fine young men and a credit to the uniform they wore. They are true heroes and country will long remember their valour

World AIDS Day  is observed across the world on  1 December annually.  The theme for 2016 World Aids Day is  ‘Hands Up for HIV Prevention’.  The day is observed to raise awareness to the Aids pandemic caused by the spread of the HIV infection. The day is celebrated by the government organizations, NGOs, civil society and other health officials by organizing the speeches or forums discussion related to the AIDS