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"भारत कुमार" – मनोज कुमार जी का जीवन परिचय

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मनोज कुमार, जिनका असली नाम हरिकृष्ण गिरि गोस्वामी था, हिंदी सिनेमा के उन चुनिंदा अभिनेताओं में से हैं जिन्होंने देशभक्ति को परदे पर एक नई पहचान दी। उनका जन्म 24 जुलाई 1937 को एबटाबाद, ब्रिटिश इंडिया (अब पाकिस्तान में) हुआ था। फिल्मी दुनिया में उन्हें "भारत कुमार" के नाम से जाना जाता है, क्योंकि उन्होंने अधिकतर फिल्मों में ऐसे किरदार निभाए जो देशप्रेम, संस्कार और समाज के प्रति समर्पण की भावना से भरपूर थे। उनकी कुछ सबसे चर्चित और देशभक्ति से ओतप्रोत फिल्में हैं: शहीद (1965) – भगत सिंह के रूप में दमदार अभिनय उपकार (1967) – "जय जवान जय किसान" का नारा देने वाली फिल्म पूरब और पश्चिम (1970) – भारतीय संस्कृति बनाम पश्चिमी सभ्यता रोटी, कपड़ा और मकान (1974) – आम आदमी की मूलभूत जरूरतों पर आधारित क्रांति (1981) – स्वतंत्रता संग्राम पर आधारित ऐतिहासिक फिल्म सम्मान और उपलब्धियां: पद्म श्री (1992) – भारत सरकार द्वारा दादा साहेब फाल्के पुरस्कार (2015) – भारतीय सिनेमा का सर्वोच्च सम्मान मनोज कुमार न सिर्फ एक अभिनेता थे, बल्कि एक विचार थे – जो हर भारतीय के दिल में देशभक्त...
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History Notes:THE COMING OF THE EUROPEANS Part-1

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THE COMING OF THE EUROPEANS Europeans reached the Indian shores in search of wealth and power. In 1498, Portuguese traders became the first to discover the sea route to India when a Portuguese voyager arrived at Calicut (modern Kozhikode, Kerala) on the western coast of India. The Dutch followed them in 1595, the English in 1600, and at last, the French in 1664. All these Europeans came to India for free trade. The Europeans nations established various commercial companies, such as the East India Company in England founded in 1600 and Verenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie – the United East India Company in the Netherlands – founded in 1602. These companies were formed to capture the spice trade by breaking the monopoly of Portuguese in Asia. Rise of Autonomous States In the eighteenth century, when the Mughal Empire declined, various autonomous states were established such as in Bengal (under Murshid Quli Khan), Oudh or Awadh (under Sadat Khan Burhan-ul-Mulk), Hyderabad (und...
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History Notes:THE COMING OF THE EUROPEANS Part-2

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In 1600, the English East India Company was established through a  charter signed by Queen Elizabeth I  in 1600. The charter granted the company the permission to trade with India. In 1608,  Captain Hawkins visited the court of Jahangir  but he was denied any trading rights. However, in 1619, when Sir Thomas Roe visited the court, they were allowed to set up their first factory in Surat(authorised factory). Gradually, the company was successful in setting up its factories at other places also such as Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai.’ The agents of the English Company soon became familiar with Indian customs and languages. They learnt  Persian, the official language of the Mughals.  The English agents of this period lived like Indians, intermarried Indians, and most of them settled here permanently. All this gave the English an edge over their other European rivals. The English set up their factories in  Masulipatnam (1611) , Agra, Ahmedabad, Baroda...
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IMPORTANT NOTES ON CONSTITUTIONAL AUTHORITY: UPSC

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The Historical Background Indianisation of the superior civil services became one of the major demands of the political movement, compelling the British Indian government to consider the setting up of a Public Service Commission for recruitment of candidates to its services in the Union territory. The first Public Service Commission was set up on 1 October 1926. However, its limited advisory functions failed to satisfy the people’s aspirations and the continued stress on this aspect by the leaders of our freedom movement resulted in the setting up of the Federal Public Service Commission under the Government of India Act, 1935. Under this Act, for the first time, provision was also made for the formation of Public Service Commissions at the provincial level. The Constituent Assembly, after independence, saw the need for giving a secure and autonomous status to Public Service Commissions, both at the Federal and Provincial levels, for ensuring unbiased recruitment to civil servic...
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ECONOMICS NOTES for SSC CHSL EXAM

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Definition:  A rise in the general level of price in an economy. That is sustained over time. The opposite of Inflation in ‘deflation’.Inflation, in general, is just a price rise.When the general level of prices is falling over a period of time it is called deflation.The rate of inflation is measured on the basis of price indices which are of two kind WPI & CPIWPI - Wholesale Price IndexCPI - Consumer price Index Rate of inflation (Year x) In the index, the total weight is taken as 100 at particular year of the past i.e. Base year (Year of reference)Inflation is measured ‘point to point’. It means that the reference dates for the annual inflation are January to January of two consecutive years. This is similar for even weekly inflation. Types of Inflation: Broadly there are 2 types of inflation. (a) Demand - Pull Inflation: A mismatch between demand & supply pulls up the price.Either demand increases over the same level of supply or t...
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STATISTICS(basic concept) NOTES for RRB NTPC EXAM

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The words ‘Statistics’ appears to have been derived from the latin word ‘status’ meaning a (political) state. In its origin, Statistic was simply the collect of data on different aspects of the life of the people. Statistics deals with data collected for specific purposes. We can make decisions about the data by analysing and interpreting it. Central line tendency Mean : The mean or average of a number of observation is the sum of the value of all the observation divided by the total number of the observations. It is denoted by the symbol ,  read as x bar Here n is a number of observation. Example-  people were asked about the time in a week they spend in doing social work in their community. They said 10, 7, 13, 20 and 15 hours respectively.Find the mean (or average) time in a week devoted by them in social work. Sol.  The mean =(Sum of all the observations)/(Total number of observations) =(10 + 7 + 13 + 20 +...
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GEOGRAPHY NOTES: Indian Agriculture For RRB NTPC EXAM and SSC CHSL EXAM

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Green Revolution – I Introduced in 1966 (Plan Holiday) Father of Green Revolt – Dr. Norman Borlog Father of Green Revolt – M. S. Swaminathan (In India) Objectives: - Use of high yielding variety seeds, fertiliser, power and increase food productivity. Green Revolt – Phase – I – Wheat  Phase – II – Rice Focus Area: - Punjab, Haryana, Western U.P.   Green Revolution– II    concept by – Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam “Evergreen Revolution or Rainbow revolution” Start in decade of 2000 Objective: - Promote agriculture a/c to climate condition and also promote organic farming and increase overall food security. Focus crop: - Milk, egg, Meat, Vegetable → A/C to climatic condition Focus Area: - All India Organic farming:  - No use/less use of fertiliser - use bio fertiliser, like – Earthworm - the concept is given by – Albert Howard (1930 – 40) Zero...
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SSC - Sample Online Exam

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Dear Students, SSC is going to conduct CHSL 2016 from 7th January 2017 to 5th February 2017. SSC has already issued the venue details of candidates. Soon, SSC will issue Admit cards also. Keep checking your respective regional websites for Admit Cards.  SSC has also issued a Sample Online Exam for candidate's convenience and training for the online exam. You can check it on SSC official website. It's important to be familiar with the latest change in the pattern  of The SSC Computer Based Exam.  SSC has taken a very good initiative by uploading a Sample Online Exam. Below, You'll find the link and a screenshot of the Sample form. All the candidates are advised to go through this Sample Online Exam and be exam ready.  We wish you all the very best for your SSC CHSL Exam.        CLICK HERE FOR THE LINK 
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🏦 SBI Locker Concession for CGSP, SGSP, PSP, and RSP Customers 🏦

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USA squad of ICC T20 World Cup 2024

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USA Squad for the 2024 ICC Men's T20 World Cup: 1. Monank Patel (Captain, Wicketkeeper-Batter) 2. Aaron Jones (Vice-Captain, Top-order Batter) 3. Steven Taylor (Left-handed Batter, Right-arm Off-Spin) 4. Corey Anderson (All-rounder) 5. Saurabh Netravalkar (Left-arm Fast-Medium Bowler) 6. Jessy Singh (Right-arm Medium-Fast Bowler) 7. Harmeet Singh (Slow Left-arm Orthodox Bowler) 8. Noshtush Kenjige (Slow Left-arm Orthodox Bowler) 9. Shadley Van Schalkwyk (Right-arm Medium Bowler) 10. Nitish Kumar (Right-handed Batter, Right-arm Off-Spin) 11. Andries Gous (Wicketkeeper-Batter) 12. Shayan Jahangir (Right-handed Batter, Wicketkeeper All-rounder) 13. Ali Khan (Right-arm Fast-Medium Bowler) 14. Nisarg Patel (Left-handed Batter, Slow Left-arm Orthodox Bowler) 15. Milind Kumar (Right-handed Batter)
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Why America is one of the powerful country in the world

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America (United States) is considered one of the most powerful countries in the world due to several key factors: --- ✅ 1. Strong Economy The U.S. has the world’s largest economy with a GDP of over $23 trillion. It is a global leader in technology, finance, and innovation. Home to tech giants like Apple, Microsoft, Google, and Amazon. --- ✅ 2. Military Power The U.S. has the most advanced and well-funded military in the world. It spends over $800 billion annually on defense. Possesses powerful nuclear weapons and advanced defense technologies. --- ✅ 3. Technological Leadership America is a hub for innovation in artificial intelligence, space exploration, and biotechnology. NASA leads global space missions, and companies like SpaceX are revolutionizing space travel. --- ✅ 4. Global Political Influence The U.S. is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council with veto power. It plays a major role in global diplomacy and international organizations. --- ✅ 5. Cultu...
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"भारत कुमार" – मनोज कुमार जी का जीवन परिचय

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मनोज कुमार, जिनका असली नाम हरिकृष्ण गिरि गोस्वामी था, हिंदी सिनेमा के उन चुनिंदा अभिनेताओं में से हैं जिन्होंने देशभक्ति को परदे पर एक नई पहचान दी। उनका जन्म 24 जुलाई 1937 को एबटाबाद, ब्रिटिश इंडिया (अब पाकिस्तान में) हुआ था। फिल्मी दुनिया में उन्हें "भारत कुमार" के नाम से जाना जाता है, क्योंकि उन्होंने अधिकतर फिल्मों में ऐसे किरदार निभाए जो देशप्रेम, संस्कार और समाज के प्रति समर्पण की भावना से भरपूर थे। उनकी कुछ सबसे चर्चित और देशभक्ति से ओतप्रोत फिल्में हैं: शहीद (1965) – भगत सिंह के रूप में दमदार अभिनय उपकार (1967) – "जय जवान जय किसान" का नारा देने वाली फिल्म पूरब और पश्चिम (1970) – भारतीय संस्कृति बनाम पश्चिमी सभ्यता रोटी, कपड़ा और मकान (1974) – आम आदमी की मूलभूत जरूरतों पर आधारित क्रांति (1981) – स्वतंत्रता संग्राम पर आधारित ऐतिहासिक फिल्म सम्मान और उपलब्धियां: पद्म श्री (1992) – भारत सरकार द्वारा दादा साहेब फाल्के पुरस्कार (2015) – भारतीय सिनेमा का सर्वोच्च सम्मान मनोज कुमार न सिर्फ एक अभिनेता थे, बल्कि एक विचार थे – जो हर भारतीय के दिल में देशभक्त...
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वक़्फ़ बोर्ड क्या है और इसमें हाल ही में क्या बदलाव हुए हैं?

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वक़्फ़ बोर्ड एक कानूनी संस्था है, जो इस्लाम धर्म के अनुयायियों द्वारा अल्लाह के नाम पर दान की गई संपत्तियों का प्रबंधन और देखरेख करती है। इन संपत्तियों का उपयोग धार्मिक, परोपकारी, या शैक्षिक उद्देश्यों के लिए किया जाता है, जैसे मस्जिदें, मदरसे, कब्रिस्तान, अनाथालय और अस्पताल। हाल के बदलाव हाल ही में, भारतीय संसद में वक़्फ़ अधिनियम में संशोधन किया गया है, जिसके तहत कुछ महत्वपूर्ण बदलाव किए गए हैं: 1. ग़ैर-मुस्लिम सदस्यों की नियुक्ति – अब वक़्फ़ बोर्डों में गैर-मुस्लिम सदस्यों को भी शामिल किया जाएगा, जिससे प्रशासन में विविधता और पारदर्शिता बढ़ेगी। 2. सरकारी निगरानी का विस्तार – वक़्फ़ संपत्तियों के स्वामित्व की पुष्टि के लिए अब सरकारी मान्यता अनिवार्य होगी, जिससे भ्रष्टाचार पर अंकुश लगाने का दावा किया जा रहा है। 3. पारदर्शिता और जवाबदेही – वक़्फ़ संपत्तियों के प्रबंधन को अधिक पारदर्शी बनाने के लिए नए नियम लागू किए जाएंगे। विवाद और प्रतिक्रियाएं इस विधेयक को लेकर तीव्र बहस चल रही है। सरकार का मानना है कि इन बदलावों से वक़्फ़ संपत्तियों का दुरुपयोग रोका जाएगा और प्रशासनिक दक्षत...
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छत को गर्म होने से बचाने का सबसे आसान तरीका क्या है?

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छत को गर्म होने से बचाने के लिए उस पर चूने से पुताई कर दें। एक हजार स्क्वेयर फीट छत के लिए पांच किलो चूना(डले वाला) रात में गला दें। ध्यान रखें पानी डालते ही इस चूने से खूब गर्मी निकलती है कि पानी उबलने लगता है इसलिए सावधानी रखें। इसे रात भर गला रहने दें। सुबह जल्दी उठकर छत को अच्छे से साफ करें और चूने के घोल को छत पर डालकर झाड़ू से फैलाते जाएं। आप चाहें तो इस घोल में आधा किलो फेविकोल भी मिला सकते हैं। फेविकोल को अच्छे से घोलें और हर बार घोल को हिलाते हुए मग में लें। छत जितनी साफ होगी चूना जितना सफेदी लिये रहेगा छत उतनी ही ठंडी रहेगी। चूने की सफेदी छत पर पड़ने वाली सूर्य किरणों को परावर्तित कर देती हैं और छत ठंडी रहती है। आजमाया हुआ तरीका है पिछले बीस साल से कर रही हूँ Writer: Kavita Sharma
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What are 20 things that are not worth it?

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1. Chasing Girls. It might seem pleasurable during your teens and early 20s but trust me, you'll regret later. 2. Smoking. It only brings a temporary pleasure but the ill-effects will hurt you in the long run. 3. Drinking. Alcohol is known to destroy lives and families. The temporary pleasure it gives is not worth the pain it gives later on. 4. Doing Drugs. The fact that this is illegal is reason enough that one shouldn't do it. These take a toll on your body in the long run and destroys you. 5. Putting those extra hours in office. No person on their death bed has wished to have spent more time at office. Spend more time with your friends and family. 6. Being in a toxic relationship. There's no point in dragging a relationship where the other person hardly puts any effort. Save your time, efforts, dignity and walk away. 7. Worrying about things not under your control. Why worry about things that you cannot control in life? Will your worrying solve the ...
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Read Madras Cafe Movie Review

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Hi Friends, Today its time to give review of John Abraham's starer new movie "MADRAS CAFE". This movie is the exception of regular/typical masala bollywood movies.This time John has brought a new idea of producing this kind of movie after "VICKY DONOR".Vicky Donor was also very hit in India starring Ayushman khurana.The Film is having the time of 90s which has some relationship of assassination of India's Prime minister Mr.Rajiv Gandhi. ACTORS : John Abraham,Nargis Fakhari,Raashi Khanna,Piyush Pandey,Prakash Belwadi,Ajay Ratnam,Siddharth Basu,Dibaang(guest role). PRODUCER : John Abraham. DIRECTOR : Shoojit Sirkar CERTIFICATE : U/A DURATION : 130 minutes STORY : It is time of 80-90s when there was dispute between two communities in Sri lanka i.e., Sinhla and   tamil communities.To see the condition of neighbor country ,Research and analysis wing (RAW) head Robin Dutta ( Siddharth Basu) is in deep tension.Dutt...
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How to earn money through Cricket

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Earning money through cricket is possible through multiple avenues. Here are some of the most effective and legal ways: --- ✅ 1. Fantasy Cricket Platforms How It Works: Create virtual teams of real players. Earn points based on their real-time performance. Top Platforms: Dream11 MPL (Mobile Premier League) My11Circle FanFight 🎯 Earnings: ₹500–₹1 lakh+ per contest, depending on the stakes. Tip: Analyze player form, pitch reports, and match conditions to improve accuracy. --- ✅ 2. Cricket Blogging/YouTube Channel How It Works: Create content related to cricket such as: Match analysis Fantasy team predictions Player stats and updates Cricket news and trends Monetization Options: Google AdSense (Ads) Affiliate marketing (Promote fantasy platforms or sports products) Sponsorships and paid collaborations 🎯 Earnings: ₹20,000–₹1 lakh/month depending on traffic. Tip: Cover IPL, World Cup, and major cricket events to gain traction. --- ✅ 3. Sports Betting (Legal in Some Places) How...
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Why 5 day banking is important for Bankers

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A 5-day banking week can benefit India by enhancing efficiency, promoting work-life balance, and aligning with global standards. It allows for improved customer service, reduced operational costs, and increased employee productivity, contributing to the overall economic development of the country. 5 Days Banking for Work Life Balance for Bankers - Sign the Petition! https://t.co/thu04qceWb via @ChangeOrg_India Sign this Petition for #5DaysBanking — Gau₹av Ha₹it ™ 🇮🇳🏦🤗 📉📈 (@gaurav_harit) February 24, 2024
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