Facts About Jammu & Kashmir

Jammu and Kashmir  is a state in northern India, often denoted by the acronym J&K. It is located mostly in the Himalayan mountains, and shares borders with the states of Himachal Pradesh and Punjab to the south. Jammu and Kashmir has an international border with China in the north and east, and the Line of Control. The state has special autonomy under Article 370 of the Constitution of India.


The State of Jammu & Kashmir is situated in extreme north of India. It was founded on 26 October, 1947.

J&K touches International boundaries with:

·         China in the north and east,

·         Afghanistan in the north-west

·         Pakistan in the west

It consists of three region:-


Summer Capital -> Shrinagar

Winter Capital -> Jammu

CM -> Mehbooba Mufti

Governor -> Narinder Nath Vohra
High Court-> Jammu and Kashmir High Court   [Srinagar Wing (Summer) and Jammu Wing (Winter)]
Chief Justice of High Court of J&K-> Sh. Justice N. Paul Vasanthakumar

Administrative Language -> Urdu

Major Industries -> Handicrafts & Handlooms
State day-> Accession day (26^th Octuber)

Nicknames/Special titles of cities:

Jammu & Kashmir -> Heaven of India

City	Special Names
Srinagar	City of Rivers/lakes
Kashmir	Switzerland of India
Siachen	Highest and coldest battlefield in the world
Jammu	City of Temples

Folk Dance:

S. No.	Dance
1.	Rouf
2.	Bhand Panther
3.	Hafiza
4.	Bhand Jashan
5.	Bacha Nagmaa
6.	Dumhal

 

Important Tribes:
 

S. No.	Tribe’s name	Remarks
1.	Bakharwal	Known as “DHANGAR” in rest of India
2.	Gaddi
3.	Gurjar or Gujjar
4.	Sippi

Important Festivals:

S. No.	Festivals
1.	Baisakhi
2.	Lohri
3.	Eid-ul-Fitr
4.	Eid-ul-Azha
5.	Hemis

Important Rivers and Dams 

RIVER	DAM	Purpose
Chenab	Baglihar, Dulhasti , Salal	Hydroelectric
Indus	Nimoo Bazgo	Hydroelectric
Satluj
Masurdar(tributary of Chenab)	PakalDul	Hydroelectric
Jhelum	Uri-II	Hydroelectric

Important Lakes 

S. No.	Lake	Remarks	Located in/near
1.	Dal Lake	“Jewel in the crown of Kashmir”	Srinagar
2.	Gadsar Lake	“Lake of flowers”	Sonamarg
3.	Krishnasar Lake		Sonamarg
4.	Gangabal Lake	“Haramukh Ganga”	Sonamarg
5.	Nagin Lake	“Jewel In The Ring”	Srinagar
6.	Wular Lake	“Largest fresh water lake in Asia”	Srinagar
7.	Manasbal Lake	“Bird’s Paradise”	Srinagar
8.	Pangong Lake	Share international boundary with China	Leh
9.	Tso Kar Lake	“White or Salty lake”	Ladakh
10.	Sheshnag Lake		Pahalgam

Important National Parks, Bird and Wildlife Sanctuary:

National Park	Famous species	Place/near
Dachigam National Park	Hangul(Kashmiri Stag)	Srinagar
Salim Ali National Park		Srinagar
Kazinag National Park	Markhor(Capra falconeri)	Srinagar
Kishtwar High Altitude National Park	Himalayan Snow Cock and brown bear
City Forest National Park (CFO)	known as “Salim National Park”	Srinagar
Hemis National Park	it is believed to have the highest density of snow leopards of any protected area in the world	Ladakh
Glulmarg WLS	Musk Deer	Srinagar
Limber WLS		Baramulla
Nandini WLS		Jammu

Important Mountains:

Mountains	Heights	Remarks	Place/near
Karakoram & Kyunlun ranges (k2)	8615 M	Second highest peak of the world.	these mountains lie to the north and north-east of the State
Nanga Parbat Range	8107 M	It is also known as “NAKED MOUNTAIN” or “DEO MIR” or “KILLER MOUNTAIN”	Gilgit
Soyamji (volcanic mountain)	1860M		North Machhipura (Handwara)
Pir Panjal Range (part of greater Himalyan)	1400-4100M		J & K and Himachal Pradesh
Amarnath (part of Himalyan)	5372 M	It is Called SHESHANG as its peak resemble the heads of seven big snakes.	Gander district of Kashmir
Harmukh (part of Himalyan)	5142 M	It is the abode of LORD SHIVA.	Ganderbal District of Jammu and Kashmir
Shiwalik Range	1500 M	Shiwalik means “TREES OF SHIVA” and known as “MANAK PARBAT” in ancient time.	from the Indus and ends close to the Brahmaputra

Important Temples/Archaeological Monuments/Sites:

S. No.	Temples/Archaeological Monuments/Sites	Remarks
1.	Amarnath Temple
2.	Vaishno Devi Mandir	Reserve Bank of India (RBI) released coins with Maa Vaishno Devi’s image on the Head side of the coins.
3.	Bahu Fort
4.	Raghunath Temple	temple are covered with gold sheet on three sides while the interiors of the temple are plated with gold
5.	Peer kho cave temple	it is widely believed that Ramayan character Jamvant (the bear God) meditated in this cave.
6.	Panchbakhtar Temple	It is one of the oldest Shivalya in the city and the Lingam in this temple is self manifested (Aap Shambu).
7.	Mahamaya Temple
8.	Shankaracharya Temple	known as Takht-I-Sulaiman
9.	Hari Parbat Fort & Temple of Sharika Devi
10.	Kheer Bhawani
11.	Jama Masjid	Originally built by Sultan Sikandar in 1400 AD
12.	Hazratbal Mosque	only domed mosque in Srinagar
13.	Khanqah of Shah Hamadan	first mosque ever built in 1395 Srinagar
14.	Chhatti Padshahi Gurudwara
15.	Shalimar Bagh	Mughal Garden
16.	Chashme Shahi	one of the Mughal gardens built in 1632 ADNubra Valley, north east of Ladakh valley
17.	Thikse Monastery	Leh in Ladakh
18.	Shanti Stupa	Buddhist white-domed stupa on a hilltop in Chanspa, Leh district
19.	Magnetic Hill	Leh
20.	Leh Palace	built by King Sengge Namgyal in the 17th century
21.	St. Joseph's Catholic Church	It was established in 1891, by Mill Hill Missionaries, making it the oldest Catholic church in Jammu and Kashmir
22.	Martand Temple	dedicated to Lord Surya , the “Sun God”
23.	Amar Mahal Palace	built in the nineteenth century for Raja Amar Singh, a Dogra king

Important stadiums:

S. No.	Stadium	City
1.	Sher-i-Kashmir	Srinagar
2.	Bakshi	Srinagar
3.	Maulana Azad	Jammu

Major Airports:

S. No.	Name	City
1.	Sheikh Ul Alam International airport (Srinagar airport)	Srinagar
2.	Jammu airport	Jammu
3.	Leh Kushok Bakula Rimpochee Airport	Leh
4.	Kargil airport
5.	Poonch airport	Jammu
6.	Kushok Bakula Rimpochhe Airport	Leh

Constituency of Cabinet Minister:

S. No.	Name of Minister	Constituency	Ministry (MoS)
1.	Dr. Jitendra Singh	Udhampur	Development of North Eastern Region (Independent Charge) Personnel, Public Grievances & Pensions Department of Atomic Energy Department of Space

HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER STATIONS

1. Mohra Hydro-Electric Power Stations-

Srinagar, Sopore, Baramulla and Gulmarg towns are supplied electric power from this power station.

2. The Sind Valley Hydro-Electric Project-This project established in 1955, is near Ganderbal on the

bank of the Nullah Sind towards its east. The project is a multipurpose one. Its water is used for a

variety of purposes, like irrigation, generation of electricity, flood control, navigation, fish culture and soil preservation.

3. The Pahalgam Hydro-Electric Project-

The river Liddar is an important tributary of the Jhelum. It has been harnessed for water power at Pahalgam and  helps in lighting tourists huts and running cottage industries.

4. Lower Jhelum Hydel Project (Sheri)-

 This project for generating electricity has only one stage which generates 105 megawatts of electric power.

ARTICLE 370:

Article 370 embodied six special provisions for Jammu and Kashmir:

It exempted the State from the complete applicability of the Constitution of India. The State was allowed to have its own Constitution.

Central legislative powers over the State were restricted to the three subjects of defence, foreign affairs and communications.

Other constitutional provisions of the Central Government could be extended to the State only with the concurrence of the State Government.

The `concurrence' was only provisional. It had to be ratified by the State's Constituent Assembly.

The Government's authority to give `concurrence' lasted only until the State Constituent Assembly was convened. Once the State Constituent Assembly finalized the scheme of powers and dispersed, no further extension of powers was possible.

The Article 370 could be abrogated or amended only upon recommendation of the State's Constituent Assembly.

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