Manufacturing of Cement Cement is essential for construction activity such as building houses, factories, bridges, roads, airports, dams and for other commercial establishments.The first cement plant was set up in Chennai in 1904.It was discovered by an English Mason, Joseph Aspdin in 1824. He called it Portland cement because he thought that it resembled the limestone found in Portland. Approximate Composition of Portland cement Calcium oxide (CaO) 60-70% Silica (SiO 2 ) 20-25% Alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) 5-10% Ferric oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ) 2-3% Raw materials are: Limestone - (provides lime), Clay - (provides alumina and silica), Gypsum - (reduces the setting time of cement). For a good quality cement, the ratio of silica (SiO) to alumina Al 2 O 3 ) should be between 2.5 and 4 and the ratio of lime (CaO) to the total of the oxides of silicon (SiO 2 ) aluminium (Al 2 O 3 ) and iron (Fe 2 O 3 ) should be as close as possible to 2. ...
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